Business Essays – Entrepreneurship Pancake Cereal

Business Essays Entrepreneurship Pancake Cereal Enterprise Pancake Cereal Business Model/Mo’s Pancake and Cereal Bar Introduction Entrepreneurship is a flourishing action in the United States, just as all inclusive. Expanding quantities of individuals are choosing to actualize their fantasies of business proprietorship. There are somewhere in the range of three and 5,000,000 enterprising undertakings attempted every year inside the United States. Eighty-four percent of those beginning another undertaking are first-time business visionaries (Zimmerer be that as it may, 64% of private ventures flop inside six years (Zimmerer and accordingly, beginning another business is not, at this point apparent as especially dangerous. Considering this ideal condition for innovative action, the accomplishment of another undertaking, Mo’s Pancake and Cereal Bar (MPCB), situated in the dynamic and verifiable midtown area of Grapevine, Texas, appears to be especially encouraging. Components of a few significant controls will assume a fundamental job in the achievement or disappointment of this specific endeavor. By exploiting the viewpoints of these specific orders, it should be conceivable to incorporate their experiences so as to make a practical strategy that will bring about a definitive accomplishment of Mo’s Pancake and Cereal Bar (Repko, 2005). There are a wide scope of orders that could add to the formation of a fruitful field-tested strategy for MPCB. A portion of these orders incorporate engineering, business organization, instruction, history, political theory, human science, and urban arranging and improvement. Three orders have been distinguished as those making the best commitment: urban arranging and advancement, engineering and the subfield of inside plan, and business with an accentuation on private venture the board. A comprehension of urban arranging and advancement will be important to guarantee a marketable strategy that will be that is with regards to the general objectives and the d rawn out improvement plans of the city of Grapevine. Urban arranging and advancement assumes a key job in understanding examples of development and its subsequent financial ramifications (McCarthy, 2007). The possession and the executives of MPCB must comprehend the essentialness of network objectives and the significance of these objectives on a definitive achievement of MPCB. As an association, MPCB ought to create solid binds with regional government and take a functioning part in advancing its turn of events. One way it can do this is by partaking in such exercises as Main Street Days , Grapefest , and different occasion celebrations held every year in the city of Grapevine.

Participation Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Support Discussion Questions - Essay Example As indicated by Sward (2006) an innovation should possibly be executed on the off chance that it increases the value of the organization. In light of this supposition any procedure improvement while minor advantages don't surpass its peripheral expense ought to be not be thought of. I like your company’s utilization of the cycle checking strategy. Expanding the physical stock tallying recurrence builds the odds of recognizing useless exercises, for example, worker burglary. Connecting with the clients and picking up criticism from them is an incredible method to acquire significant data. Coming up short on stock is a bad dream. A couple of years prior I worked for an assembling organization. We were building up another item. The bill of materials incorporated an uncommon plastic that was difficult to find anyplace universally. We go through a half year searching for an appropriate provider that would have a steady flexibly of the crude material. The venture was closed down in light of the fact that a hazard the executives examination confirmed that stockouts of the material would happen that would close down the creation line. One of the results of a stockout is loss of incomes (Answers, 2009). The situation you referenced about the organization you work for conflicts with customary business knowledge. A great many people accept that having a lower stock tally and the execution of stock frameworks, for example, JIT are the ideal method to maintain a business. Each industry has its eccentricities and inside information on its conduct is required so as to settle on great business choices. The Comcast item uses a customization methodology so as to adjust the particulars dependent fair and square of mechanical headway of the locale. As the market prerequisites of various districts change the organization could move stock starting with one locale then onto the next. On the off chance that a stock model gets out of date in one locale the organization can at present utilize that stock to flexibly different areas. Versatility and adaptability are two acceptable qualities of a creation

PSA how to take the Bebras Computing Challenge this fall

PSA how to take the Bebras Computing Challenge this fall The Bebras Computing Challenge (American homepage, international homepage) is an international challenge that introduces students to computational thinking. Founded in Lithuania in 2004, it has now spread to more than 60 countries and more than a million participants, including more than 50k in the United States last year. One thing I like about Bebras USA is that it has really has taken root in the midwest and mountain states, which have not historically been as well-served by computer science enrichment programs as the coasts. I like Bebras focus on accessibility, both in terms of geographic outreach but also its structure of different divisions, beginning from very rudimentary to very advanced. It also provides data to the schools where the challenge is proctored to help them identify aptitude, understand how students are developing, and see where their students can use additional assistance. Plus, Bebras mascot is the beaver, just like (and for the same reasons as) ours. Recently, Daphne Blokhuis, the USA lead at Bebras, sent an email blast to the Computer Science Teachers Association, to help let teachers know about the challenge and how they can register their schools for the exam. If youre an American computer science or math teachers, you should consider signing up; if youre a student or a parent, you could forward this to your math or science teacher and suggest they consider signing up. If youre not an American any-of-these, you can find your countrys organizational information here. Your students can participate on any day from November 6 â€" 17. If you have questions, you can email Daphne: daphne [at] bebraschallenge [dot] org. Also! New this year: there are free apps (iPhone, Android) that students can practice with.

PSA how to take the Bebras Computing Challenge this fall

PSA how to take the Bebras Computing Challenge this fall The Bebras Computing Challenge (American homepage, international homepage) is an international challenge that introduces students to computational thinking. Founded in Lithuania in 2004, it has now spread to more than 60 countries and more than a million participants, including more than 50k in the United States last year. One thing I like about Bebras USA is that it has really has taken root in the midwest and mountain states, which have not historically been as well-served by computer science enrichment programs as the coasts. I like Bebras focus on accessibility, both in terms of geographic outreach but also its structure of different divisions, beginning from very rudimentary to very advanced. It also provides data to the schools where the challenge is proctored to help them identify aptitude, understand how students are developing, and see where their students can use additional assistance. Plus, Bebras mascot is the beaver, just like (and for the same reasons as) ours. Recently, Daphne Blokhuis, the USA lead at Bebras, sent an email blast to the Computer Science Teachers Association, to help let teachers know about the challenge and how they can register their schools for the exam. If youre an American computer science or math teachers, you should consider signing up; if youre a student or a parent, you could forward this to your math or science teacher and suggest they consider signing up. If youre not an American any-of-these, you can find your countrys organizational information here. Your students can participate on any day from November 6 â€" 17. If you have questions, you can email Daphne: daphne [at] bebraschallenge [dot] org. Also! New this year: there are free apps (iPhone, Android) that students can practice with.

The Papacy s Reign Over The Masses - 1748 Words

The Papacy’s Reign Over the Masses During the Middle Ages, the rise of the Church’s influence was made apparent through the many glaring acts of power that took place. Whether it be a crusade on a far off land, or a local kingdom challenging the Papacy in ways such as electing their own bishops, they were a force to be reckoned with. It was in their best interest to control as many people as possible, working to gain power over the masses. The Papacy persuaded the common people to fear and support them through expulsion of outsiders, actions in gods will, and prosecution of the evil people within a society. Non-Christians in the community were often ostracized and persecuted for the benefit of those in power. During one of the Church’s many reformations, a solid social border was created between the Jewish and Muslim people and the Christian community. It was decreed by Pope Innocent III that â€Å"Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province †¦shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress† (Sources, 58). Laws directed just at these select group of people by the church showed an abundance of power on their part, preventing outsiders from mixing with the Christians. These laws were developed by the Pope and his followers during the Fourth Lateran Councils, which took place in order to strengthen the idea of â€Å"Christendom,† which is a term that explains the times when the Church acts as the state. DuringShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Papacy1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise of the Papacy Introduction The birth or the beginnings of the Papacy is a rather difficult task to really nail down to a specific time, place or person and also the growth of the Papacy was a rather slow and gradual process. In this modern age Rome has been associated with the birth place of the Papacy but history shows that Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in the 4th century. In Constantinople the father of the church was referred to as the Pope. TheRead MoreCounter Reformation3749 Words   |  15 Pagessaw Catholicism as a buttress of social order. The papacy was a cherished institution and the source of great wealth which few cared to see destroyed. Reform in Italy was largely motivated by monastic groups that were compelled to spread their religion and due good works.(103Simon ) The revival of Monasticism strengthened during the Counter Reformation. The reforming monasteries were known to address the social and religious needs of the masses. Orders like the Capuchins, the Theatines, and theRead MoreThe Battle Between Christianity And Islam2703 Words   |  11 Pagesstimulated the fundamental expansion and the ultimate downfalls of nations in both the Western and Eastern fields. Contrary to popular belief, the Crusades (1095 A.D-1291 A.D) were defensive wars in response to Islamic expansion following Prophet Mohammed s death in the 7th century. It is all too commonly assumed that the Crusades were the vanguard of the Church’s self-righteousness and prejudice that warped the enlightened Oriental culture with Western antagonism. Although elements of these assumptionsRead MoreThe Reformation Of The King s Romance With Anne Boleyn Or Popular Discontent Essay1860 Words   |  8 Pagesfeature of the Henrician reformation was the King’s determination to conceive a male heir, in order to prevent another succession crisis, like those of 1453 and 1461. In doing so, the essay will provide evidence that supports the prominence of this claim over the claims that religious differences with the Catholic Church, the King’s romance with Anne Boleyn or popular discontent with the Roman Catholic Church are the decisive factors of the revolution. Firstly, the essay sheds light onto the events thatRead MoreThe Islamic And Christian Faith Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pageswar was when Emperor Alexis I of the Byzantine Empire requested assistance to Christian nations in order to defend its capital city of Constantinople from the Muslim Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II decided that if he were to help defend the emperor, his papacy would gain more power and strengthen. The Pope knew that the righteous needs for this was was lacking, so in order to gain more support from the common people, Pope Urban wrote a speech that would work as a propaganda that would influence civiliansRead MoreEssay on Queen Elizabeth’s Treatment of Catholics2400 Words   |  10 Pagesto extirpate the Protestant faith, those who converted to Protestantism, if they were not exiled went underground. Described by Briscoe (2000), Elizabeth I is considered to be one of the country’s most successful and popular monarchs. Unlike the reign of her sister Mary, which was by and large disastrous, Elizabeth made herself a powerful image of female authority ‘through the embellishment and through concrete policies that she urged her nation to follow’ (Jagger (1995)). Her policies could beRead MoreHenry Viii And The Reformation Of England s Church System4160 Words   |  17 Pages How did events during Henry VIII’s reign cause for a permanent shift in the religious system of England? Hannah Snow Candidate Number: 000784-0009 Extended Essay â€Æ' Abstract: Henry VIII was the King that would change England’s religious system and make it his legacy. The religious system would carry on after his reign and become the predominant religion of England. The question is: How did events connected to key historical figures during Henry VIII’s reign cause for a permanent shift in the religiousRead MoreHistory and Development of Baroque and Rococo and Their Influence Today3097 Words   |  13 Pagesmore abstract way. Still, Baroque was not considered as a proper style during its period and could not be compared in the countries of Italy and France. French baroque was not exactly the same as Italian baroque, because not the entire culture swept over to France, it were just Baroque ideas, which were differently developed and used by French artists. Baroque art and artists: Artists had a taste for the dramatic and stopped using exact symmetry and made it visually more effective, which

Chapter 1 Essay - 1002 Words

Chapter 1 Review 1. List three areas where health care practitioners can gain insight through studying law and ethics. The three areas are the rights, responsibilities, and concerns of health care con summers. The legal and ethical issues facing society, patients, and health care practitioners as the world changes. The impact of rising cost on the laws and ethics of healthcare delivery. 2. Define summary judgment. Summary judgment is the legal term for a decision made by court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial because there is no genuine issue of material fact. 3. Define bioethics. Bioethics is a discipline dealing with the ethical implication of biological research†¦show more content†¦Fourth, should animals ever b e used in research? Fifth, how ethical is generic research? Should the government regulate it? 11. What duties might a medical ethicist perform? A medical ethicist might consult with physicians, researchers, and other to help them make difficult decisions. Also they will sit on the ethics committee if such a specialist is available. When a difficult decision must be made, any one of the individuals involved in a patient’s medical care can ask for a consultation with the ethics committee. 12. Decisions made by judges in the various courts and used as a guide for future decisions are called what. It is called precedent. 13. Written codes of ethics for health care practitioners D. None of the above. 14. What Greek physician is known as the father of medicine? A. Hippocrates. 15. Name the pledge for physicians that remain influential today. C. Hippocratic oath. 16. What ethics code superseded earlier codes to become the definitive guide for a physician’s professional conduct? B. Percival’s Medical Ethics. 17. Unethical behavior is always. C. Unacceptable. 18. Unlawful acts are always. C. Punishable by legal means. 19. Violation of a professional organization’s formalized code of ethics. C. Can lead to expulsion from the organization. 20. Law is A. The minimum standard necessary to keep society functioningShow MoreRelatedA Chapter Of Chapter 1 : Chapter 1835 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"They’re closing in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Aldrick mutters as he slips the bullet into the cylinder, he always knew this day would come, but the fact they choose to strike the household at it weakest moment infuriates him. It only take two days for the news to spread, and they come like vultures seeking carrion. He took a deep breath and set the last 5 bullets into the chamber, years of serving the military had taught him not to lose his temper in situation like this. A shuffling noise caught his attention, heRead MoreChapter 11226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements is false?    The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutritionRead MoreSummary Of Chapter 1 : Chapter 1926 Words   |  4 PagesLong ago, at a minute village adjacent to Roc-A-Fella peaks, there lived three puerile boys. Jermaine, Nas, and Kendrick. Kendrick was a scion of the lightning district of the village, Nas was born and raised in the fire district, and Jermaine was a simple village boy who grew crops and raised cattle. Ever since the village was established it was divided into four main groups. The fire district, the lightning district, the village folk, and the All Mighty’s. Mostly all lived in placidity until oneRead MoreChapter 11655 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The researchers seek to inform their readers about the mental and emotional factors affecting the academic performance of a child in school regarding the working of their parents overseas. Nowadays, as life becomes uneasy to other families here in the Philippines, parents tend to work overseas to offer a convenient living to their children. As a result, it leads to several effects on the emotional and mental aspects of a child. This studyRead MoreChapter 1679 Words   |  3 Pagescan be considered as illegal fraud. Opportunities    * More and more people like to invest their money before the recession. Threats    * SEC and other investor will investigate Madoff’s firm    * Accountant can check his transaction record.    1. What are the ethical issues involved in the Madoff case? From an ethical perspective, this is an example of white- collar crime. Madoff is a typical white collar criminal who abused his trust for profits. In fact, Madoff ‘s business is a lie. He promisedRead Morechapter 13292 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 1: MANAGERS, PROFITS, AND MARKETS Multiple Choice 1-1 Economic theory is a valuable tool for business decision making because it a. identifies for managers the essential information for making a decision. b. assumes away the problem. c. creates a realistic, complex model of the business firm. d. provides an easy solution to complex business problems. 1-2 Economic profit a. is a theoretical measure of a firm’s performance and has little value in real world decision makingRead MoreChapter 11221 Words   |  5 Pagescard information. The author attacked us with a lot of information we might not have understood in order to carefully apply the word they uses to comprehend. Paper 2 Final Chapter five made the reader continually stop to recap the information they had consumed. Contemplate is a better word to describe the tone of the chapter. Think about these words when reading the following sentence: boatful, physically dirty, lazy, quarrelsome, revengeful, superstitious, and unreliable. Banaji and Greenwald showedRead MoreChapter 110766 Words   |  44 Pagesch01 Student: 1. Direct material costs are generally variable costs. True False 2. Property taxes and insurance premiums paid on a factory building are examples of manufacturing overhead. True False 3. Manufacturing overhead combined with direct materials is known as conversion cost. True False 4. All costs incurred in a merchandising firm are considered to be period costs. True False 5. Depreciation is always considered a product cost for external financial reporting purposesRead MoreChapter 18984 Words   |  36 PagesChapter 01 The Information Age in Which You Live: Changing       Multiple Choice Questions    1.  What does it mean to live in the digital age?   A.  Payment for goods is made with hard cash B.  Living, working, learning, and playing in a digital world C.  Accessing information over the Internet D.  Being born after 1990    AACSB: Use of Information Technology Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 Taxonomy: Knowledge and Understanding    2.  Why do we consider technology invasiveRead MoreChapter 12873 Words   |  12 PagesChapter 03 - Federalism 1. Governmental Structure 1. The single most persistent source of conflict in U.S. politics since the adoption of the Constitution has been the relations between the national and state governments. 2. Today, an effort is underway to reduce national gov’t powers, giving more strength to the states; this effort is known as devolution. 1. Some proposals give states block grants in which states get money that they can spend in any way they

Terrorism During The Vietnam War - 826 Words

Throughout the last couple decades, terrorism has become a prominent issue. With the emergence of major terrorist groups stirring up trouble, such as in the Middle East, many people live in fear of these emerging threats. Throughout Vietnam’s long history, there have been many cases of terrorism. During the Vietnam War, the US and other western nations committed many atrocious acts of terror against the Vietnamese population. In 1968, one of the worst acts of terrorism, the My Lai Massacre, occurred in Vietnam. This atrocious act was committed by the US. According to one American soldier during the Vietnam War, â€Å"In the ambushes we killed anything or anybody and a lot of those were VC.† The soldier continued on to say, â€Å"We used claymores on any people, on a boat that passed†¦ snipers were the worst killers who were responsible for at least 600 murders per month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  After the Vietnam war, a new terrorist group emerged from the old South Vietname se group, called the Free Vietnam Revolutionary Group whose primary goal was to target Vietnamese embassies. However, high levels of security allowed Vietnamese ambassadors to survive and prevented casualty occurrences. In 2015, terrorism or terror-related activities were the 6th and 7th top Google searches in Vietnam, indicating the general population’s concern on the effects of terrorism. Vietnam realizes the impact of terrorism and the threat it poses to the world. The U.N. has instated in 14 instruments and 4 amendments aboutShow MoreRelatedUnited States Involvement During Vietnam War990 Words   |  4 Pagesbe terrorism considerably they has been involvements. For example US involvement in Vietnam war through out the1950s till 1960s. In that incidence united states supported France which was more a democratic side and rejected vietnamese nationalist Ho Chi who was known as a communist supported by Russia, and aided with the cost of the war. In 1964 the congress authorised Johnson the president to take necessary actions to prevent aggression against united states in Vietnam and bombing of Vietnam tookRead MoreThe Justification Of War And The Vietnam War792 Words   |  4 PagesJustification of War War has been a part of the United States for over one hundred year’s beginning with World War I. The United States citizens have been engrossed in the thought, â€Å"Is war justified?† The two war that are being focused on in this paper are The Afghanistan War and the Vietnam War. It both wars could have had a peaceful protest to overcome the conflict at hand or have a meeting to talk about communism in the Vietnam War or Terrorism in the Afghan War. The right time for war is a fine lineRead MoreWhy Realism Fails Counterinsurgency?1417 Words   |  6 Pagesand to lack efficiency upon trial. Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts as there has been an increase in the magnitude of threat and the use of the traditional framework around war. First, a notable political scientist, John Mearsheimer argues that what has changed over time is the magnitude of the threat. What the US is up against is a more formidable and more dangerous adversary that was the case throughout the 1990s. As aRead MoreEssay Similarities Between the War in Iraq and the Vietnam War831 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities Between the War in Iraq and the Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As time passes, every society endures situations which stress its very fabric. Each societies history is sprinkled with these situations. One such situation which the United States underwent was the Vietnam war. For years this particular event has been hotly debated. Hardly anyone who was present at the time agrees on any point concerning this war, except that they regret it. It has become the greatest American foreign policy calamityRead MoreThe Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation1850 Words   |  7 PagesGroup A-Question 2: Discuss the significance of the Sino-Soviet confrontation of 1960s–1980s for the Cold War dynamics in the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet confrontation of the 1960’s-1980’s had a significant impact on the Cold War dynamics of the Asia-Pacific through a number of factors. This period was a significant time of the twentieth century. The two largest communist states of the world, the PRC (Peoples Republic of China), led by Mao Zedong and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)Read MoreMilitary Strategy and Planning1649 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Part 1 Military theory after World War II drastically changed for two major reasons: the dropping of Atomic weapons on Japan and what would become known as the Cold War between the USSR and the West. Foreign policy, which became military policy, starting in 1947 is known as the Truman Doctrine. This began with U.S. support of Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent those countries from falling under Soviet influence. The policy was written as a response to the events that tookRead MoreSecurity Background And Threats Of Terr orism Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesOne. Security background and threats of terrorism Since the beginning of a 21st century, an international security environment has been proved to be more volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguity with their challenging effects in various ways. Thus, those challenging situations take into particular considerations when combating terrorism throughout the national security strategy. The civil war, sectarian spillovers of crises, state catastrophe in central Africa and the Middle East will likelyRead MoreThe Next Economic Crisis : War And Terrorism1578 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting 5312 February 25, 2017 The Next Economic Crisis: War and Terrorism War Finance â€Å"the fiscal and monetary methods that are used in meeting the costs of war† (www.britannica.com). There are 4 ways that the government can finance the war: taxation, borrowing, printing, and/ or increasing the currency source by making new money (Capella 22-24). How the government finance the war depends on the President and the Congress seated during the time of war. They decide accordingly by looking at the politicalRead MoreThe Threat Of The Taliban1126 Words   |  5 PagesWhen Obama was elected in 2008 one of his main goals was to end all war with Afghanistan. Currently Obama has decided to keep the troops in Afghanistan until 2017, extending after his removal from office. According to the New York Times, his decision against the removal is an effort to counter terrorism attacks. Since 2001, after the attack on the twin towers, the US has been trying to fight against terrorism. After the attack, Al Qaeda and Bin Laden both hid in Afghanistan, making it a hideout forRead MoreThe American War in Vietnam1012 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar to the theory of what the U.S. believed would happen if one country, Vietnam, was to fall to communism. This is what caused the war between North Vietnam the communist lead government and the anti-communist South (Encyclopedia Britannica1). How does a war relate to a game enjoyed by millions of people all over the world? Just like in a game of dominos, you set them up and watch them fall, the Vietnam War was the same. Vietnam and the countries surrounding it had worked very hard for independence

Ashes Ashes We All Fall Down Essay free essay sample

Ashs, Ashes, We All Fall Down Essay, Research Paper Bubonic Plague I buried with my ain custodies five of my kids in a individual grave. No bells. No cryings. This is the terminal of the universe. ( Deaux, 1969 ) These are the words of Italian writer Agniol di Tura, but they reflect the emotions of an full state in the 1300 s. It was at that clip that Europe was struck by the hardest blow that a pestilence would of all time swing. The Bubonic Plague hit Europe with a fierceness that could neer hold been predicted. Spread of the Plague Through Europe The spread of the Bubonic Plague in the 14th century happened rapidly as a consequence of hapless life conditions, trade paths and ignorance of the disease. The first reported instance of the pestilence was in 543 when it hit Constantinople. ( Hecker, 1992 ) This was a minor eruption and there were others similar to it, but since no one knew where it came from and so few were deceasing from it, no 1 took the clip to happen out. But so in 1334, an epidemic struck the northeasterly Chinese state of Hopei that people couldn t ignore. It killed up to 90 % of the population- around 5,000,000 people. ( Armstrong, 1981 ) This caught people s attending, but by so it was excessively tardily. Sadly, some of the events that aided the rapid spread of the Plague could hold been avoided. In 1347, in the southern Ukraine near the Black Sea, the native people began deceasing of a cryptic disease. They suffered from concerns, failing, and many staggered when they tried to walk. But most evidently, each carried a common hallmark of the plague- they all began to develop big puffinesss of the lymph nodes in the inguen and underhand countries. Fear and choler at the disease gave manner to accusal. The indigens of the country pointed the incrimination for their expletive at the Italian bargainers who traveled in and out of their ports. Convinced that they were the ground for their agony, the indigens attacked the ports. After a hebdomad of combat, the indigens found their soldiers deceasing of the disease. Hoping to infect the Italians, the indigens used slingshots that where usually reserved for big bowlders or dead animate beings to throw dead or deceasing organic structures of those infected with the pestilence over the barrier. They succeeded. When the bargainers fled to Sicily, they carried the pestilence with them. ( Strayer, 1972 ) The pestilence foremost arrived in Messina, Sicily in October 1347, but it would non halt at that place. Aware of the rate at which the pestilence would distribute, the Sicilian functionaries tried to incorporate the disease by coercing the 12 work forces on board who were left alive to remain on the ship. But black rats, which carried fleas that where contaminated with the pestilence, managed to acquire off the ship and come in the metropolis. Within eight months, the pestilence had spread throughout the island and the rats which carried the pestilence had boarded ships that were headed for mainland Italy and the remainder of Europe. ( Strayer, 1972 ) Despite the attempts of metropolis functionaries, the pestilence continued to distribute. They had ignored it excessively long, now it was out of their custodies. The pestilence spread through port metropoliss rapidly because it is transmitted by rat fleas. The fleas, which spread the pestilence, would catch the bacteriums from a rat who had already acquired the disease. The bacteriums would so wholly fills the tummy of the flea, doing it so the flea could no longer digest any blood. It would so be so hungry that it would sucks blood into its already full tummy, coercing it to regurgitate, therefore distributing the bacterium. ( Walker, 1992 ) A disease that is spread by rats would likely non present a large job to most topographic points in the 21st century, but in the fourteenth century there were many rats aboard most ships and few people took notice to them, as they were such a common fixture in the dirty life wonts. Because people were so accustomed to them, these gnawers carried the pestilence from port to port with no 1 recognizing that they were the confederate to the disease which was doing the decease of 1000000s. Myths As a consequence of the multitudes that were deceasing, people would readily accept any account of the cause of the pestilence as truth. A physician by the name of Galen had one of the most widely recognized theories. He said that the pestilence was spread by miasmas, or toxicant bluess coming from the swamps which corrupted the air. Peoples were urged to go forth low, boggy countries or at least remain inside their places, covering their Windowss. Because people believed that foul smelling air caused the pestilence, many walked around transporting corsages of flowers to their olfactory organs, believing that this would salvage them from decease. ( Strayer, 1972 ) Some thought that the pestilence could acquire into the organic structure through the pores in their tegument. As a consequence of this, many people refused to bath during the clip of the pestilence, as they felt that rinsing their organic structures would open the pores further, giving the pestilence even more chance to infect them. Though many people chose to accept these theories for their surface value and take the safeguards suggested, few found consolation in them as they watched those around them die. Some people felt that the pestilence had come as a signifier of penalty from God. A group of persons known as the flagellants insisted that it was the wickednesss of adult male that had compelled God to penalize them. Flagellants could be identified by the flagellum that they carried with them. This was a wooden stick with three or four leather pieces attached, each with an inch long spike of Fe at the terminal. The flagellants would run into in the centre of a town and impulse others to fall in them in their rites. Each member would deprive from the waist up and so would get down to flog himself with his flagellum. They did this as a signifier of repentance and believed that God would forgive them and maintain the pestilence from them every bit long as they showed their compunction. This ritual would happen at least one time a twenty-four hours for three yearss before the group would travel on to the following small town where they would being once more, hopefully increasing their Numberss ( Biel, 1989 ) . Some who were seeking for replies joined the flagellants, but they shortly found that they faced the same fate as the remainder. Symptoms The pestilence had many hallmark symptoms, but at first the victim could look to hold a figure of morbid. The first symptoms of the pestilence include concern, sickness, iciness, emesis, and hurting articulations. ( Strayer, 1972 ) These traits are besides common to other diseases, but in a pestilence septic metropolis, anyone who possessed these traits was considered doomed. However, shortly after undertaking the disease, the symptoms would go more obvious. Within a twenty-four hours or two, the puffinesss appeared. They were hard, painful, firing balls on the cervix, under the arm, and besides the interior thighs. Soon they turned black, disconnected unfastened, and began to seep cunt and blood. These puffinesss, called buboes, gave the disease its name and may hold grown to the size of an orange. ( Garrett, 1994 ) The puffinesss appeared because one time a individual became infected, the B, Yersina plague, made its manner into the lymph nodes. There, it would infect and destruct cells of the immune system, and in the procedure, it would besides trip a concatenation of chemical reactions in which the organic structure would try to throw out the encroachers through pustules and furuncles that emerge on the tegument. ( Garrett, 1994 ) Once the bobues appeared, the victim would get down to shed blood internally. Blood vass would interrupt, go forthing the blood underneath the tegument to run free. Once dried, the blood would turn black and leave black blotchs on the victim s tegument. Thus giving the disease it s most popular moniker, Black Death. In most terrible instances, decease would normally occur within two yearss after the bobues had appeared. This, frequently times, was non shortly plenty for the victim. Effectss The Bubonic Plague had a great consequence on households, the church, and besides the outlook of society during the in-between ages. The decease of an estimated 1/3 of the civilised universe in the mid-14th century ( Armstrong, 1981 ) was certain to alter every facet of life for the people populating at that clip. During the pestilence, there was a general diminution in morality, which finally led to the church losing most of it s authorization. In portion, people didn t listen to the church because they didn Ts privation to hear Torahs that they knew wouldn T be carried out. But the chief ground was that many lost religion after watching their friends and household dices such atrocious deceases. The lost religion of the people can be seen through their art. In many plants, alternatively of celestial existences naming the dead to heaven, decease was represented as an aged adult female in a black cloak and wild, snake-like hair.. and a scythe to roll up her victims. ( Strayer, 1983 ) The regulations of the church itself besides changed during the pestilence. Rome announced an exigency relaxation of canonical jurisprudence, allowing the deceasing to squeal aloud to God or to any individual who would listen, even a adult female. ( Deaux, 1969 ) This was announced because functionaries of the church were deceasing off at the same rate as the remainder of the community and people were deceasing without the Sacrament of Penance. In the clip of the pestilence, non merely was faith flips aside, but besides morality as a whole. Italian writer, Boccaccia, wrote about the mortality of the society in the fourteenth century. With so much affliction and wretchedness, all fear for the Torahs, both of God and of adult male, fell apart and dissolved, because the curates and executed of the Torahs were either dead of ailment like everyone else, or were left with so few functionaries that they were unable to make their responsibilities ; as a consequence, everyone was free to make whatever they pleased. ( Biel, 1989 ) Many people felt that decease was inevitable and hence decided to pass nevertheless many yearss they may hold left alive the manner that would most delight them. Many found comfort in traveling from tavern from tavern, imbibing and much as they wished and listening to and speaking merely about pleasant things. Others threw eternal parties in their places and welcomes all who would come. ( Armstrong, 1981 ) These parties were easy to happen because everyone behaved as if they were traveling to decease shortly, so they cared nil about themselves nor their properties. As a consequence, people lost all sense of duty as they felt that all of their properties and finally their lives, every bit good as the lives of those they cared about, would be taken off from them. Despair filled the people with the loss of so many that they loved and many of them went into a province of denial. Such was the hurt that an order was base on ballss that would non let public proclamations of decease because the sick could hear them, and the healthy took fear every bit good as the sick. ( Garret, 1994 ) In fact, in Florence, it was prohibited to even print the figure of the dead for fright that the life would lose hope. ( Biel, 1989 ) Even with these safeguards, the decease of 1000000s could non be hidden from those that survived it. The odor of the dead fill the air and there were few people who could non assist but give up. Most people failed to see value in anything but their life. Peoples were so positive that they would shortly be faced with decease, that ownerships ment nil to them. Many times, fright of the pestilence would be much greater than the desire for ownerships and the houses of the dead, or sometimes those who were merely really ill, would be burned to the land to forestall the spread of the disease. ( Garret, 1994 ) Boccaccia said that such was the figure of houses full of goods that had no proprietor, that it was astonishing. Then the inheritors to this wealth began to turn up. And person who had antecedently had nil all of a sudden found himself rich. ( Biel, 1989 ) Many houses were left vacant after the proprietors died because people thought that everything interior was contaminated with the pestilence. Peoples felt that their wellness was of much more importance than anything that person could posses. As a consequence of the great fright that people had of the pestilence, many households fell apart. Boccaccia talk about this in the debut to his book, The Decameron: The ordeal had so withered the Black Marias of work forces and adult females that brother abandoned brother, and the uncle abandoned his nephew and the sister her brother and many times, married womans abandoned their hubbies, and, what is even more unbelievable and barbarous, female parent and male parents abandoned their kids and would decline to see them. ( Biel, 1989 ) The state of affairss that Boccaccia radius of were non uncommon. Writer Francisco Patriarch said that may people died of hungriness, for when person took ailment to his bed, the other residents in panic told him: I m traveling for the physician ; and softly locked the door from the outside and didn T come back. ( Deaux, 1969 ) The precedences of everyone became rearranged as they all feared for their lives. Peoples cared nil of other people, they merely wanted to populate and they did what they had to make to maintain their lives. One Italian author said that things had reached such a point, that people cared no more for the decease of other people than they did for the decease of a caprine animal. ( Armstrong, 1981 ) Future With all the progresss that the universe has made in the past seven centuries, it is unthinkable that such a catastrophe could take topographic point once more. Rarely in the US do you happen a topographic point where rat and adult male live so harmoniously with one another. But other parts of the universe are non so fortunate. The most recent eruption of Bubonic Plague was in India and it didn t go on a few hundred old ages ago. It happened in 1994. The job with solved with a $ 30 million loan from the World Bank which they used to relocated 52 small towns which the authorities saw as job countries. Research workers think that the eruption was caused by an temblor that stirred up the B which can put hibernating in the dirt for two or three decennaries, but they say that the conditions of the small town favorite invasion. Relatively few people died in this recent outbreak thanks to what one small town leaders calls beautiful antibiotics. With five yearss of unwritten antibiotic therapy utilizing a inexpensive, readily available drug called Achromycin, bubonic pestilence is 100 % curable ( Garret, 1994 ) . Thankss to medical scientific discipline, the muss in India was cleared up with really few deceases and the universe can be grateful that they will neer hold to see life as 1000000s in the fourteenth century did. Mentions Armstrong, K ( 1981 ) . The coming of the pestilence to Italy. New York: Weber Printing Biel, T ( 1989 ) . The black decease. San Diego: Aglow Books. Deaux, G. ( 1969 ) . The black decease. New York: Weybright and Talley Ellis, E. A ; Esler, A. ( 1997 ) . World history. Upper Saddle River: Prentic-Hall, Inc. Garrett, L. ( 1994 ) . Anatomy of a pestilence. New York: Webb Publishing. Hecker, J. ( 1992 ) . Black decease depredations Europe. Babington: Bureau of Electronic Publishing, Inc. Strayer, J. ( 1972 ) . Dictionary of the in-between ages. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons Walker, J. ( 1992 ) . Famine, drouth, and pestilences. New York: Glaucestu Press.

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts

Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts True to their name, the Antarctic Icefish lives in the icy cold waters of the Arctic - and has icy-looking blood to match. Their cold habitat has given them some interesting features.   Most animals, like people, have red blood. The red of our blood is caused by hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Icefishes dont have hemoglobin, thus they have a whitish, nearly transparent blood. Their gills are also white. Despite this lack of hemoglobin, icefish can still get enough oxygen, although scientists arent sure quite how - it could be because they live in already oxygen-rich waters and might be able to absorb oxygen through their skin, or because they have large hearts and plasma which may help transport oxygen more easily. The first icefish was discovered in 1927 by zoologist Ditlef Rustad, who pulled up a strange, pale fish during an expedition to Antarctic waters. The fish he pulled up was eventually named the blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus).   Description There are many species (33, according to WoRMS) of icefish in the Family Channichthyidae. These fish all have heads that look a little like a crocodile - so they are sometimes called crocodile icefishes. They have grayish, black or brown bodies, wide pectoral fins, and two dorsal fins that are supported by long, flexible spines. They can grow to a maximum length of about 30 inches.   Another fairly unique trait for icefish is that they dont have scales. This can aid in their ability to absorb oxygen through the ocean water.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: Channichthyidae Habitat, Distribution, and Feeding Icefish inhabit Antarctic and subantarctic waters in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica and southern South America. Even though they can live in waters that are only 28 degrees, these fish have antifreeze proteins that circulate through their bodies to keep them from freezing.   Icefish dont have swim bladders, so they spend much of their lives on the ocean bottom, although they also have a lighter skeleton than some other fish, which allows them to swim up into the water column at night to capture prey. They may be found in schools. Icefish eat plankton, small fish, and krill.   Conservation and Human Uses The lighter skeleton of icefish has a low mineral density. Humans with a low mineral density in their bone have a condition called osteopenia, which may be a precursor to osteoporosis. Scientists study icefish to learn more about osteoporosis in humans. Icefish blood also provides insights into other conditions, such as anemia, and how bones develop. The ability of icefish to live in freezing water without freezing can also help scientists learn about the formation of ice crystals and storage of frozen foods and even organs used for transplant.   Mackerel icefish are harvested, and the harvest is considered sustainable. A threat to icefish, however, is climate change - warming ocean temperatures could reduce the habitat that is suitable for this extreme cold water fish.

Castaway and Into the wild Research Paper Example

Castaway and Into the wild Research Paper Example Castaway and Into the wild Paper Castaway and Into the wild Paper Essay Topic: Into the Wild Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer and Castaway, directed by Robert Zemeckis, both describe and explain the journey of two young men while living in the wild, and the mountains they must climb to achieve their main goal: survival. However, both men go through entirely different experiences for different reasons. Chris McCandless, from Into the Wild, decides to leave everything he has and to go on a journey through the United States, which takes him to Alaska. There he spend his days on an abandoned bus. He lives a very comfortable life style compared to Chuck Noland from Castaway. Chuck doesnt have a comfortable shelter, cooking devices or washing abilities that McCandless has. More importantly, the reasons why they are on their journeys are entirely different. McCandless chose to be in Alaska and to live on the land. Nolands plane crashed into the ocean, which forced him to be stranded alone on an island. Throughout these two stories, Robert Zemeckis still comes to the conclusion that when a man is trying to survive and when his life is in danger, he will do anything to live. I agree with this, I feel anyone would try to survive with all their might. Life is not something just to throw away. Noland has experiences on the island which overall force him to survive. When first becoming stranded on the island, Noland seems terrified. Its seen as ironic because just before he was portrayed as a fearless and self-confident employee of a mainstream shipping company. Nolands first gut feeling when arriving on the island is to collect all the wreckage from his plane that floats up on shore. Zemeckis belief seems to become true at this point. After this situation, Noland collects boxes and builds his first shelter. This puts him on a mission for food, which overall forces him on a diet of coconuts and small crabs. After his first attempt of getting off the island was unsuccessful, it seems the only possible way for survival is to wait on the island for someone to rescue him. At this point, Noland decides the only way to get off the island is to live no matter what and deal with the obstacles he will have to climb over. Throughout the four years on the island, Noland generates a calendar, time system and wind patterns. Time is something thats not as easily watched on the island as it was when Noland was in civilization. Throughout his time on the island, death seems to throw itself at Noland. Receiving the skate with sharp blade, the box with angel wings, and his dead comrade from the airplane, seem to remind him of death. The thought of suicide becomes visible when Noland builds a noose out of a rope. However, the site of his fiancees picture is the only reason why Noland wants to survive. He needs human contact. He becomes so lonely living by himself that the only way for him to live and not to commit suicide is to create Wilson. He uses a volleyball as his means of socialization which over his four years on the island makes him more sane than he would be without it. However, talking with a volleyball only makes him live until his sail gets washed up on shore where he has an awakening, We might just make it. Did that thought ever cross your brain? Well regardless I would rather take my chance out there on the ocean, than to stay here and die on this shit-hole island spending the rest of my life talking to a goddamn volleyball, Noland explains to Wilson. Noland obsesses with the tide, getting off the island is now a must, Ive got to keep breathing. Because tomorrow, the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring? Noland says. At this point, he makes a raft with his new sail and breaks away from the island with the right tide. Noland returns to civilization, where has life restarts.

An investigation into the impact of control management practices on Essay

An investigation into the impact of control management practices on employee performance at British Airways - Essay Example From a future-oriented perspective, control can be seen as the â€Å"exercise of influence over the actions and decisions of others† (Camillus, 1986:9). The remedial perspective has of late been set aside as old-fashioned. The future oriented perspective has more relevance today. Early research (Antony, Dearden and Vancil, 1972:2) had concluded that every control system essentially has four elements, namely, a detector or sensor, an assessor, an effector and a communications network. These respectively are linked to measuring problems, determining the importance, altering behavior and transmitting information to all those who are concerned (Antony, Dearden and Vancil, 1972:2). Management control was defined by Antony, Dearden and Vancil (1972:6) as â€Å"the process by which managers influence other members of the organization to implement the organization’s strategies† (Antony, Dearden and Vancil, 1972:2). This is only a primary level definition when compared to the advanced thoughts involved in the current management studies. A recent management theory book (Macintosh and Quattrone, 2010:3) has drawn attention to the phenomenon that half of the world thinks control is undesirable and against freedom and the rest believe that the world is in c haos and needs to be more in control. As management theoreticians went on having a deeper understanding of this concept, a consensus was evolved where bureaucratic control is replaced by intelligent control (Leitch, 2008:8). Today control management systems are designed so as to â€Å"give each person the benefits of effective and helpful supervision while information about control performance is moved efficiently upwards and used† (Leitch, 2008:101). Control management now involves setting the standards for effective performance, evaluation of performance according to those standards and altering behavior to better the performance if any lacuna is found. If the standards are not being met, there have

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE Tools and Techniques Essay

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE Tools and Techniques - Essay Example This is a change from the 30 responses required last year. III. There are 13 capabilities described by the author that must be delivered by BI platform. These 13 capabilities can be classified into 3 categories of functionality Integration Information delivery Analysis 1. INTEGRATION BI Infrastructure All tools, interfaces and applications in the platform should have same look and feel. Metadata Management The platform should have the ability to store, search, and capture and reuse the formats, measures, dimensions and report layouts. Development Tools It should provide programmatic development tools and visual development environment to facilitate scheduling, delivering, administering and managing. Collaboration It deals with sharing and discussing information throughout the organization. 2. INFORMATION DELIVERY Reporting It facilitates the reporting procedure by developing formatted and interactive reports in various dimensions (financial, operational, managerial, etc) Dashboards T his is a subset of reporting having the ability to publish web-based reports with interactive tools for display. Ad hoc Query This enables the user to ask their own questions and data queries rather than IT created reports. Microsoft Office Integration Integration with Microsoft tools, formats and formulas is necessary item to be provided. Search-Based BI Application of search index to both structured and unstructured data sources and their mapping enable user to search from (Google-like) interface. 3. ANALYSIS OLAP This enables user to analyze data with extremely fast query and calculation performance making analysis style of ‘slicing and dicing’ possible. Interactive Visualization It includes display of data in a more effective way using charts, tables and other formats. Predictive modeling and Data Mining It helps to classify categorical variables and continuous variables using advance mathematical techniques. Scorecards It implies the use of performance management m ethodology like six sigma and it involves analysis and comparisons. PART B 1. IBM (Cognos) solution has a broad functional footprint and is reporting-centric. It follows ‘information versus an applications agenda’. Information Builders’ WebFOCUS product has a very consumer-centric approach and is found to be as one of the industry's easiest-to-use solutions. It offers integrated search, mobile, use of rich Internet applications and mashups, predictive analytics, data discovery, and visualization but they lack self-service support, ad-hoc analysis, and OLAP capabilities. Microsoft offers low price but they do not provide a road map. MicroStrategy specializes in running deployments on top of large enterprise data warehouses tackling large volumes of data. Oracle offers domain-specific and prepackaged solutions. SAP offers data warehousing, text analytics, on-demand BI, search coupled with BI, metadata, data lineage and impact analysis, and data quality. SAS focuses on forecasting, predictive modeling, and optimization, as well as its investments in data discovery and visualization. QlikTech offers low-cost deployments. Tibco products have unique architecture, combining analytics and interactive

Eyesenck’s Personality Theory Model: Sanguine Personality

Eyesenck’s Personality Theory Model: Sanguine Personality Introduction Eysenck’s Personality Theory Model Eysencks personality of theory divided into two categories which are extraversion and introversion personality types. Extraversion type of personality person is usually relax and confident on their own while introversion type of personality person is often a quite person; focus on inner feelings and their emotional will be more negative and not stable as compared to extraversion type of person. Extrovert people are more likely to be out-going person, they like to social and attend event to meet with new people and make new friends. In contrast, introvert people keep things to their own and seldom share to people, they also less likely towards social things because of their shy personality. In this world, different types of people having different own personality, by understanding people’s personality is a key to unlock elusive human qualities. All humans are different, everyone has their own value, principles, special strengths, weakness and qualities in handling things in their life; different types of people will think and action in different ways. For instance, Eysenck’s categorize people into 4 types of human personality, which are choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic. However, choleric and sanguine personality were fall under extraversion category while melancholic and phlegmatic were fall under introversion category. Features of Sanguine Personality Referred to Eyesenck’s Personality Theory Model, sanguine personality is playing a role as the extrovert, talker and optimist. They are emotionally stable compared to people who have melancholic and choleric personality. The characteristics of sanguine personality are sociable, outgoing, lively, easygoing, talkative, responsive, leadership and carefree. Sociable People who have sanguine personality are sociablen; they are supportive in engaging themselves in outside activities and talk to others. Sanguine people have a lot of friends and also have wide social relationship which may have friends that are from different fields or places. Besides, they can make new friends easily and adapt to the situation even in a new environment or with strangers. Outgoing People who having sanguine personality is an outgoing person; they are active in joining or participating outside activities. Sanguine people don’t like to stay at home and things that are boring. They like to join or see thing that are challenges and new and they are type of person who enjoy going out or hang out with friends and comfortable in social situation. Lively People who having sanguine personality is a lively person; they are active at most of the time and having positive energy in whatever things that they do. Besides, they bring fun and joy to people surrounded them and people will feeling comfortable and relax when with sanguine people as they less likely having negative thought compared to melancholic personality. This may one of the features of sanguine that attracted people to talk and make friends with them. Easygoing People who having sanguine personality is an easygoing person; they forgive and forgot mistake or bad thing that people done on them. They don’t hold grudges and usually behave in a relaxed and tolerate approach or manner. They have even-tempered and able to control their own emotional compared to melancholic and choleric personality. They seldom mad at people and don’t like to make things become complicated. For instance, if sanguine people commit a mistake they will readily apologize to the person. Talkative Sanguine playing roles as the talker and storyteller, they are talkative and like to repeat stories to their friends. They can talk anything with their friends; such as gossip or discuss things that from general problems until privacy with their friends without feeling tired or bored. They eager to express their own opinion or idea, wish people paid attention on them. Sometimes, due to the talkative personality they are likely to dominate the whole conversation when in a group activities. Responsive Sanguine people are responsive; they give quick and readily response to people. They are open to suggestions; accept people comment and improvement themselves from it. Besides, sanguine people usually are the type of active students in the class; they like to ask and also give response to their teacher questions. If sanguine friends are facing problems, they will response to it and always be there to listen and to give opinion or advice to their friends. Leadership Sanguine people tend to have strong leadership; they have the ability to guide a group of people and give direction to the members about actions that should taken in order to achieve a certain task. Sanguine people like to express their own opinion and ideas in group activities and sometimes they will be the dominant person throughout the whole conversation with their friends or activities. In a group, sanguine will act as opinion leader and they have the power to influence or swing people’s perception and action. Carefree People who having sanguine personality is a carefree person, they are relaxed and less worried. For instance, sanguine people behaving in a happy-go-lucky attitude, when everyone was stressing and rushing for group assignment, sanguine may be one of the most relaxed people among the group members. They are less likely to take thing seriously, free from care and they always enjoy their time in a happy and joy mood. Communication Style The communication style of sanguine personality is talkative. People who having sanguine personality are like to talk, they can talk anything from general problems until privacy without feeling tired or bored. Sanguine people talk in confident and relaxed manners; they talk things in more casual way and always share a lot of things with their friends. They like to repeat stories, always response to people questions and give comment or opinion. Their communication style will attract people attention and people will feel comfortable when communicate and interact with sanguine people. However, due to the talkative personality, sanguine people always talk and rush for conclusion. Sometimes, they didn’t give opportunity for others people to speak or express their opinion. Responsive: â€Å"My friend, I am here listening to your problems.† Carefree: â€Å"It is okay, don’t worry so much and everything will be alright.† Each personality has their pros and cons. The strengths of sanguine personality are they are an easygoing and sociable person. In contrast, the weaknesses of sanguine personality are they have a strong leadership and talkative. Strengths: Sanguine is an easygoing person, they do not hold grudges. They forgive and forgot people mistake. They have even-temper and able to control their emotion, which make people like to make friends with them. It is because sanguine people will not mad at people easily or for a long time. People will feel relax and comfortable when with sanguine people because of their easygoing personality. For instance, even thought if a person has done something bad to sanguine people, sanguine people will readily forgive the person if they apologize or admit the fault. Besides, sanguine people do not mind share their things to their friends such as foods or ideas. They are also open in accepting people judgement, if people commented something bad about them they will not keep it in heart for a long time but will takes it as opportunity for self-improvement. Sanguine is a sociable person, by having this characteristic it will help them easy to get along with others and also help to encourage effective relationship with outsider. Sanguine people will be having a lot of advantages in their life by having sociable personality such as in workplace, school and others. Sanguine person is likely to engage themselves in outside activities, they are active in joining any events which can helps them to extend their social relationship and make new friends. When they go out and know more friends, they actually can learn extra knowledge from other persons and also enhance interaction with other people. This could be a good opportunity for their education or business to go further, the chances that they get might be a good turning point for their life. For example, sanguine person looking for a job after graduation, they might will get job more easily than their friends as they have knew different friends that worked in different fields, it is way ea sier to approach someone when good relationship is established. Weaknesses: By having strong leadership personality it might be one of the weaknesses of sanguine people. People who are having strong leadership is usually self-centred, they want people to paid attention on them and wish to be dominant in group activities. They are eager to express their ideas and opinion, they hope whatever they said can be heard or followed by members. However, this personality will cause distancing between sanguine people and their friends. It is because to some extend leader having the power to instruct members to do something, for those people who are not obedience they will surely don’t like these type of person. Sometimes, sanguine person are assertive, they might over confident on their own and like to showing off and self-promoting. They are likely to take the full responsibilities as a leader when there is any job distributed among the members, due to the strong leadership personality Another weakness of sanguine personality is talkative. Sanguine people are likely to repeat or talk about the same things to their friends without feeling bored or tired. Due to talkative personality, sometimes people that friend with sanguine people may feel they are annoying For example, when sanguine people found that they are not satisfy with what they had they will keep asking and finding until they found out the satisfy answer or result. They need response and attention from others. They talk in a casual or fun way people will think that they are not taking things seriously. Due to the talkative personality, people will feel that they are exaggerating as sanguine people will give excessive information or overselling ideas when communicating to other people. Recommendations There are several ways to overcome the weaknesses of sanguine personality. First, sanguine person should learn to listen to others people words before they speak or express their view or ideas. In doing this, they can give opportunities for other people to express their ideas and sometimes the ideas given by people may be useful in their group activities instead of dominate the whole conversation. Second, they should learn to self-effacing which is to tone down their strong approach, avoid exaggerating and overselling own idea as it may help to gain more trust from friends toward them. Third, in whatever thing that sanguine people do they should always put themselves in other people shoes, should consider about other people interest and care more about other people feeling. Besides, it is always important to consider the seriousness of the situation first but not behaving in a carefree attitude at all the time. References Coon, D Mitterner, J.O. (2010). Introduction to psychology: Gateway to mind and behaviour, 12th ed. California: Thomas Wadsworth. Pastorino, E.E. Portillo, S.M.D. (2012). What is psychology. 2nd ed. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Delamater, J.D. Myers, D.J. (2010). Social psychology. 7th ed. CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

History of the Ferrari :: American America History

History of the Ferrari Ferrari, when most people think of this word they think of two things: speed and sport. Ferrari is one of the most distinguished cars in history. It has won more races than almost any other cars racing. It is also just delicate a machine as it is the fast and furious sports car. Ferrari has come a great distance since its begins in the stock races onto the modern road. It has been compared with such great cars as the Bugatti and Alfa Romeo. In my report I will tell you the beginning and the future of this famous sports car. The Maker The man who made Ferrari, and made the name, was Enzo Ferrari. Born in Modena February 18, 1898. Forced to leave school when his father died he got work as a turning instructor in the Modena Fire Brigades' workshop. He served in WW I as a mechanic and later found work as a test driver in 1918 in Turin. He later moved to CMN to become a race car driver and tester. His racing debut came in the 1919 Parma-Berceto race and he entered the Targa Florio that same year. In 1920, he moved to Alfa Romeo establishing a relationship that lasted two decades and a career that took him from test driver to race driver to sales assistant and finally to the post of Director of the Alfa Racing Division until November 1939. (http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/www.ferrari.it/storia/enzoferr.e/enzoferr.html) In 1929 he joined with Alfa Romeo. He made the name Scuderia Ferrari. His goal was to organize racing for Alfa. He fully took over in 1933 and in 1940 completely separated from Alfa. The workshop was bombed out in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 the year in which it started designing and building the very first Ferrari. In 1963 Enzo Ferrari built his Istituto Professionale per l'Industria e l'Artigianato, a training school in Maranello. In 1972 he built the Fiorano test track. (http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/www.ferrari.it/storia/enzoferr.e/enzoferr.html) He received numerous awards for his automotive genius, such as Italian award of Cavaliere and the Gold Medal from the Italian School of Art and Culture. After his many accomplishments and his numerous racing wins, he died on August 14 1988. The Early Years Now I will tell you of the early years of this car. The first Ferrari's were stock and racing cars, the Ferrari became a "street car" in about 1950, and were made in Maranello during WW II with the soul purpose was to race and win. History of the Ferrari :: American America History History of the Ferrari Ferrari, when most people think of this word they think of two things: speed and sport. Ferrari is one of the most distinguished cars in history. It has won more races than almost any other cars racing. It is also just delicate a machine as it is the fast and furious sports car. Ferrari has come a great distance since its begins in the stock races onto the modern road. It has been compared with such great cars as the Bugatti and Alfa Romeo. In my report I will tell you the beginning and the future of this famous sports car. The Maker The man who made Ferrari, and made the name, was Enzo Ferrari. Born in Modena February 18, 1898. Forced to leave school when his father died he got work as a turning instructor in the Modena Fire Brigades' workshop. He served in WW I as a mechanic and later found work as a test driver in 1918 in Turin. He later moved to CMN to become a race car driver and tester. His racing debut came in the 1919 Parma-Berceto race and he entered the Targa Florio that same year. In 1920, he moved to Alfa Romeo establishing a relationship that lasted two decades and a career that took him from test driver to race driver to sales assistant and finally to the post of Director of the Alfa Racing Division until November 1939. (http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/www.ferrari.it/storia/enzoferr.e/enzoferr.html) In 1929 he joined with Alfa Romeo. He made the name Scuderia Ferrari. His goal was to organize racing for Alfa. He fully took over in 1933 and in 1940 completely separated from Alfa. The workshop was bombed out in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 the year in which it started designing and building the very first Ferrari. In 1963 Enzo Ferrari built his Istituto Professionale per l'Industria e l'Artigianato, a training school in Maranello. In 1972 he built the Fiorano test track. (http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/www.ferrari.it/storia/enzoferr.e/enzoferr.html) He received numerous awards for his automotive genius, such as Italian award of Cavaliere and the Gold Medal from the Italian School of Art and Culture. After his many accomplishments and his numerous racing wins, he died on August 14 1988. The Early Years Now I will tell you of the early years of this car. The first Ferrari's were stock and racing cars, the Ferrari became a "street car" in about 1950, and were made in Maranello during WW II with the soul purpose was to race and win.

Compare and Contrast the Ways in Which Shakespeare and Webster Present Hamlet and Bosola as Tragic Heroes. Essay

Bosola from Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi and Hamlet from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, both present elements of Aristotle’s model of the tragic hero; through both of the characters, Shakespeare and Webster use the features of the tragic hero to engage Elizabethan and Jacobean audiences in an exploration of issues linked to the Renaissance, religion and philosophy. This essay will explore how the playwrights present the tragic flaws in their heroes’ character and how they face struggles due to their inner conflict and may exhibit villainous behavior but are not complete tyrants. Greek philosopher Aristotle recorded his ideas about tragedy dramas and the ‘tragic hero’ in his noted book of literary theory titled Poetics (335 BCE), the book was rediscovered during the Renaissance and became commonly used as a playwriting manual. Aristotle stated that the tragic hero is a character of noble stature and has greatness but although they are seen as pre-emin ently great, they are not perfect. The tragic hero’s downfall will come down to being mainly of their own doing through the result of free choice rather than accident or villainy or some other malevolent fate. Aristotle characterised the tragic hero as displaying hamartia which is usually translated as tragic flaw. There is also some increase in awareness and a sense of discovery upon the part of the tragic hero. Hamlet’s biggest flaw in character is that he over philosophises and delays killing Claudius up until it is too late for his family and himself. After he decides Claudius is guilty of murdering his father, he still relents from taking his revenge, he says â€Å"Haste me to know ‘t, that I, with wings as swift/ As meditation or the thought of love/ May sweep to my revenge.† (Act I, scene V). This quote displays Hamlet’s deep desire for revenge, the words are powerful and using words such as ‘swift’ gives the impression that he will not delay in taking action sugge sting that he is ready, however the juxtaposing simile embedded within the quote is soft and suggests Hamlet’s cogitating over thoughts of love possibly his love for Ophelia, ‘meditation’ also implies that he dwells in deep thought. Hamlet procrastinates a lot throughout the play; Smith says that â€Å"due to his brooding and introspective nature, he often wrangles with language to help him understand a reality where he has little control. Hamlet’s famous â€Å"to be or not to be† soliloquy questions the righteousness of life over death in moral terms and discusses the many possible reasons for either living or dying†, this does however  show the audience Hamlet’s humanity, Shakespeare can also use his character to engage with the prevalent philosophical ideas during the Renaissance period; Judkins states that â€Å"the Renaissance embraces a series of religious, economic, and political changes which ripple into areas of science, literature, and philosophy†, at a time of change and new ideas many writers such as Shakespeare would have been interested in the ideas explored during the Renaissance and so create characters to reflect it. One example of Hamlet’s dilemma ref lecting the debates in Elizabethan society, is linked to morality and law; Hamlet finds himself torn between his desire for revenge but also his philosophizing over the futility of life; J. J. Lawlor argues that â€Å"the avenger delays, not from despair or indecision which are finally rejected in favour of the duty of revenge, but†¦ because there is a scruple about revenge itself†. Hence, Hamlet’s scrupling reflects a man trapped in changing times between the Medieval Age when bloody revenge was accepted and the Tudor era of legal reformation where private revenge was outlawed. Bosola also shows internal conflict which could imply that he fits Aristotle’s model of the tragic hero, however it is shown more through his asides rather than soliloquies as shown in Hamlet. Bosola is very bitter towards the system and the way the country is ruled, with those above him abusing their power; but still he continues to carry out his ways, due to his greed ‘poisoning’ his morals, it can be said he is plagued by his own melancholy and will only debate the consequences afterwards. Boas suggests that â€Å"the tragic hero is made to feel him-self caught in a situation over which he has little control but in which he must make some decision, however futile. But the unhappy out-come always emerges from his decision. He must choose and cannot choose we ll†, so although Bosola chooses to avenge the duchess he kills her, her children, Antonio and himself in the process. It could also be said that Bosola fails to redeem himself because his actions are driven by revenge, after he kills the Cardinal and Ferdinand he says, â€Å"Now my revenge is perfect. Sink, thou main cause/ Of my undoing! The last part of my life/ Hath done me best service† (Act V, Scene, V). Like Shakespeare, Webster’s presentation of inner conflict in his protagonist also seems to suggest that the path of private retribution is complex and will lead to destruction. Bosola does also come to terms with his fate; â€Å"existential nihilists claim that, to be honest, one must face the absurdity  of existence, that he/she will eventually die† (Unknown Author). Bosola states that people are merely the â€Å"stars tennis balls† (Act V, Scene IV) that a person’s fate is already mapped out and everything is inevitable so Bosola feels like a victim of circumstance. John F Buckingham states that perhaps there is also an â€Å"etymological significance in Webster’s adjustment of the source name, ‘Bozola’ to a new spelling that references the word ‘Bossola’; Italian for a mariner‘s compass, pointing up the irony that Bosola‘s own final journey is directionless, away from justice†. It could be said that Hamlet also comes to terms with his fate and carries it upon his shoulders like a burden. â€Å"The time is out of joint: O cursed spite, that ever I was born to set it right!† (Act I, Scene V), here it could be said that Hamlet indisputably feels that he was born to avenge his father’s death, thus he vows to dedicate his life to vengeance. In the final scene Hamlet realizes that a person should be ready to accept the undeniable fact that death will come; Hamlet says to Horatio, â€Å"There’s special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all† (Act V, Scene II). Both Hamlet and Bosola show villainous behaviour, but it can be argued that they aren’t in fact completely evil. Hamlet soon finds himself acting upon passion and is â€Å"at least at crucial moments of his experience, passion’s slave, as in his castigation of Ophelia and, more tragically, in his murder of her father† (Allan). Hamlet is not a bad person yet the pressure and intensity of his vengeance tears away at him; he finds himself acting sometimes rashly and uncertainly, and in the case of Polonius’ murder, he does not initially show any signs of remorse as he looks down on him calling him a â€Å"wretched, rash, intruding fool† (Act III, Scene IV), which suggests he is almost saying it is Polonius’ fault for getting involved and does not take responsibility. Hamlet’s actions are caused by his desire to avenge his father the old king Hamlet who was murdered by his brother Claudius and so it could be argued that had Hamlet not known that Claudius murdered his father, he would not have carried out the murders and would therefore not be villainous, as Hamlet was loved by the people and was known to be a smart scholar who went to university. Shakespeare uses Ophelia to reflect these views when she says, â€Å"O what a noble mind is here o’erthrown† (Act III, Scene I). Hamlet did not intend on  hurting his loved ones in the beginning and should not be seen as ‘evil’ as his aims were to only avenge his father. Allan comments that, â€Å"violence of word and deed do not come naturally to [Hamlet’s] reflective and moral temperament†. On the other hand, critic Augustus Schlegel argues that â€Å"[Hamlet] has a natural inclination for crooked ways; he is a hypocrite towards himself; his far-fetched scruples are often mere pretexts to cover up his want of determination†, this suggests that Hamlet is just as Machiavellian as Claudius but this reading would be too simple, and doe s not consider the impact of Hamlet’s humanity which is evident in his delay and conflicting thoughts. Bosola however is more entangled in Machiavellian scheming, serving the Duchess’ brothers, the Cardinal and Ferdinand, and so it could be said that he is not in fact a villain but instead just a working man. Bosola refers to himself as their â€Å"creature† (Act I, Scene I) with its connotations of unthinking, loyalty and inhumanity, Bosola carries out their deeds for his own material gain seemingly regardless of his morals most likely due to his bitterness and discontent with social structure and other existing conditions. Bosola is a key part of the plot and acts as a spy and a murderer but although it was his choice to have this way of life, in the end he stands for his beliefs. Bosola has already been to prison which implies he is criminal, but during his asides, it is evident that he is not an evil assailant but a man doing a job, â€Å"For the good deed you have done me, I must do all the ill man can invent†. He recognizes the consequences of his actions and feels remorse, for example, when Bosola is ordered to kill the Duchess, he cannot face her as his true self due to his sympathy towards her and so he disguises himself; C. G. Thayer states that â€Å"having caused the Duchess so much agony already, [Bosola] cannot now bear to have her recognize him as he comes to supervise her murder, or, more simply, that he is ashamed to appear in his own shape†. This idea of the counterfeit shape links to Machiavellian ideas but also links to his own sense of morality and feeling towards the Duchess and Antonio and his shame for how he is ruining their family and lives. Bosola cannot be seen to be a villain completely as at the end of play he plans to kill the Cardinal for making him kill all those people and for committing crimes, hoping to help save Antonio, and although he kills Antonio accidently, he did change his ways and tried to help, this is an excellent example of how Bosola resembles the tragic hero  figure. In conclusion it is clear that Hamlet fits the model of the tragic hero and it is evident that Bosola also fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. Smith describes Hamlet as â€Å"the quintessential tragic hero. Not only does he begin with the noblest motivations but by the end, his situation is so dire that the only plausible final act should be his death†. If we consider Bosola as the malcontent of the play, the audience can see he tends to view things cynically, and makes numerous critical comments on the nature of Renaissance society. Bell states that â€Å"Bosola also acts as a choric figure at regular intervals during the play and he often makes judgements on the other characters and the series of events†. However despite these more seemingly malcontent traits, it is evident that he can also be seen as a figure resembling the tragic hero. Hamlet and Bosola both display a tragic flaw in character, both display villainous behavior yet it is clear that they both have a sense of morality, neither character realize the right thing to do until the end of both plays and so fail to attain happiness. Shakespeare and W ebster both use the traits of the tragic hero to engage in and explore topics which were being challenged and revamped by the discoveries of the Renaissance period. Bibliography Allan, Phillip. Hamlet: Phillip Allan Literature Guide for A-Level. Hodder Education: Oxford shire, 2011. Bell, Millicent. Hamlet, Revenge! The Hudson Review, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 310-328. Boas, George. The Evolution of the Tragic Hero. The Carleton Drama Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, Greek Tragedy (1955 – 1956), pp. 5-21. Buckingham, John F. The Dangerous Edge of Things: John Webster’s Bosola in Context & Performance, 2011. Judkins, David. Life in Renaissance England [Online] available at: Lawlor, J.J. The Tragic Conflict in Hamlet. The Review of English Studies. R.E.S New Series, Vol 1, No. 2, 1950. Schelegel, Augustus William. Criticisms on Shakespeare’s Tragedies: Hamlet. Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London, 1846. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. Norton and Company: New York, 1992, pp. 155-7. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet†. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Smith, Nicole. Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a Tragic Hero [Online] av ailable at: Thayer, C. G. The Ambiguity of Bosola. Studies in Philology, Vol. 54, No.2 (Apr., 1957), pp. 162-171. (Unknown Author) Nihilism [Online] available at: Webster, John. â€Å"The Duchess of Malfi†. London: Methuen drama, 2001.

Repressed Memory and Play - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1854 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Psychology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Equus  is a play in which present and past collide and intertwine in spectacular and thematically significant ways. Psychoanalysis (a process of evaluating mental health that was developed by Sigmund Freud) drives the plot forward, as the psychiatrist Martin Dysart succeeds in drawing out of Alan Strang a series of repressed memories. His intention is to achieve abreaction, which is the discharge of the emotional energy attached to a repressed idea. Theatrically, the past events in the plot of  Equus  are strikingly represented, diverging from analytical and expository dialogue; rather than related verbally, these memories are acted out in flashback. By staging the past rather than revealing it through exposition (analysis usually being a process of  verbalization), Shaffer takes great advantage of the visual power of the theatre. In the staging of Alan’s memories, he allows himself a more lyrical tone, a more ritualistic style than that employed in the real istic dialogues between Dysart and the other characters in the play. In his book  Peter Shaffer, critic C. J. Gianakaris observed: ‘‘What will be best remembered about  Equus  is its brilliant dramatising of man’s attempt to reconcile the personal and the metaphysical aspects of his universe. ’’ As Gianakaris wrote, with the ‘‘immeasurable help’’ of director John Dexter, Shaffer ‘‘strikingly fused realism with mimetic ritual,’’ achieving a ‘‘daring stylisation’’ which is crucial to the success of the play. Ultimately, the abstract scenes in  Equus  powerfully reveal the relationship between sex and religion— the two most significant, and closely intertwined, themes in the play. Both sex and religion are crucial factors in Alan’s childhood development: in both arenas, Alan transfers ‘‘normal’’ social views of sex and wo rship onto his pagan, equine religion. The play hints at the sexual undertones in many events in Alan’s childhood. Frank Strang’s comment that Christianity ‘‘is just bad sex’’ implies connections between sexual desire and religious ecstasy which run through the play. Frank observes of Alan: A boy spends night after night having this stuff read into him: an innocent man tortured to death—thorns driven into his head—nails into his hands—a spear jammed through his ribs. It can mark anyone for life, that kind of thing. I’m not joking. The boy was absolutely fascinated by all that. He was always mooning over religious pictures. I mean real kinky ones, if you receive my meaning. Alan’s ride with the Horseman is also given sexual meaning; it is a pleasure he clearly attempts to duplicate on his naked, midnight rides with  Equus. (Alan has essentially ritualized a masturbatory act into a religious practice. ) At the play’s climax, Alan is confused when he finds himself sexually aroused by Jill Mason. He feels great shame as a result both of his ‘‘infidelity’’ in the presence of  Equus  and his impotence with Jill. Sex is a major catalyst, both in Alan’s development and in the violent blinding of the horses. The thematic connection between sexual identity and religious practice is cemented in the details of the play’s staging. Equus  is a play of thematic complexity and depth, and Shaffer’s writing of dialogue is, by and large, up to the task of expressing this complexity (although some critics have disagreed on this point). The true novelty and genius of  Equus, however, may rest in the manner in which Shaffer utilizes theatrical techniques to enact powerfully the psychological and religious dimensions of the play. Past and present collide in theatrical spectacle, as the dialogue of Alan’s sessions with Dysart is gi ven a larger, visual dimension, powerfully underscoring the play’s psychological themes. Gianakaris comments: The flexibility of the stage design permits striking variations in the way the action is presented. Straightforward realism alternates with imaginative stylised scenes of mime. Dysart’s is the cool, detached world of science where clinical evidence determines one’s actions. His dealings with others are consequently portrayed realistically, with narrated interjections. But Alan Strang’s ritual worship is especially well suited to abstract staging. The most stunning moments of reenactment (the abreaction) are the extended scenes which conclude each act of  Equus. The first act ends with Alan riding horseback to the point of orgasm, with images culled from passages in the Book of Job from the Old Testament . The second act contains an equally dramatic nude scene of attempted interE course (between Alan and Jill), the blinding of the horses, a nd words from the New Testament’s Book of Revelation. The themes of religion and sex are repeatedly linked In the first case, having hypnotized Alan through a game he calls ‘‘Blink,’’ Dysart encourages his patient not merely to talk about his ritualistic worship of  Equus  but to act out the process as well. Dysart’s prompts provide an important encouragement, but gradually the voice of the doctor fades out and the theatrical reenactment subsumes the dramatic action. With a hum from the chorus, the actors depicting horses slowly rotate a turntable, on which Alan and his mount are fixed in a bright spotlight. Alan’s ‘‘ride’’ becomes more and more frenzied, and as the choral humming increases in volume, Alan shouts powerfully: WEE!. . . WAA!. . . WONDERFUL!. . . I’m stiff! Stiff in the wind! My mane, stiff in the wind! My flanks! My hooves! Mane on my legs, on my flanks, like whips! Raw! Raw! I†™m raw! Raw! Feel me on you! On you! On you! On you! I want to be in you! I want to BE you forever and ever! —Equus, I love you! Now! — Bear me away! Make us One Person! Alan rides ever more frantically, chanting ritualistically ‘‘One Person! ’’ and then, simply, ‘‘HA-HA! ’’ With Alan’s body twisting like a flame, the chorus gradually brings the turning square to a stop. Alan drops off the horse, kisses his hoof and cries up to him: ‘‘AMEN! ’’ The act concludes completely within the framework of this reenactment without returning to Dysart for commentary or further dialogue between doctor and patient. The conclusion of the play is given a similarly startling theatrical dimension. Dysart has prompted Alan through the process of reenactment, even taking on the voice of  Equus  himself as he says: ‘‘The Lord thy God is a Jealous God! He sees you. ’’ B ut as in the first act abreaction, Dysart gradually retreats to the background as the reenactment of Alan’s repressed memory takes over the stage: ALAN: Thou— God— Seest— NOTHING! (He stabs out Nugget’s eyes. The horse stamps in agony. A great screaming begins to fill the theater, growing ever louder. ALAN dashes at the other two horses and blinds them too, stabbing over the rails. Their metal hooves join in the stamping. Relentlessly, as this happens, three more horses appear in cones of light: not naturalistic animals like the first three but dreadful creatures out of nightmare. Their eyes flare—their nostrils flare—their mouths flare, they are archetypal images—judging, punishing, pitiless. They do not halt at the rail but invade the square. As they trample at him, the boy leaps desperately at them, jumping high and naked in the dark, slashing at their heads with arms upraised, and shouting ‘‘Nothing! ’ savagely with each blow. The screams increase. ) The scale of the reenactment—an exceptional bit of theatricality—suggests the monumental importance of the blinding, both as it originally occurred and in its retelling. Building upon the tremendous sense of release Alan will feel from this abreaction, Dysart hopes he will be able to cure the boy of his mental anguish. John Weightman wrote in Encounter that the stabbing out of the horses’ eyes ‘‘gives another fine frenzy when the scene is re-enacted as psychodrama. ’ Through such reenactments there is an important mirroring of revelation in the play; the audience makes important discoveries just as Dysart is making them. Past and present are folded into one another as theatrical representation takes the place of expository dialogue. During the flashback scenes, the lights turn warm in color and intensity, investing the remembered action with a great deal of theatricality. The staging of the eve nts allows the audience a glimpse into Alan’s mind; he views the world with a passionate sense of wonder few people possess. The purposefully non-realistic depiction of the horses, for instance, allows the animals to ‘‘evoke the essence of horses as we recognize them in daily life’’ but also, crucially, gives them ‘‘the regal bearing of transcendent beings as Alan perceived them,’’ noted Gianakaris. Shaffer notes that in the depiction of the horses, ‘‘great care must also be taken that the masks are put on before the audience with very precise timing—the actors watching each other so that the masking has an exact and ceremonial effect. ’ While audiences marveled at the theatrical power of  Equus, critics have differed in their assessments of Shaffer’s writing and his success at integrating a variety of complex themes and theatrical styles. Reviewing the play in the Manchester  Guardian , Michael Billington judgedEquus  superior to Shaffer’s earlier work because in this play, ‘‘the intellectual argument and the poetic imagery are virtually indivisible. ’’ While some critics have found considerable merit in the unity of the work, others argue that the real strength of  Equus  lies only in its theatricality. Henry Hewes commented in the Saturday Review that ‘‘the play’s statement is less impressive than is Shaffer’s skillful theatrical fabrication, which deftly finds layers of comic relief as he inexorably drills deeper into the hard rock of tragedy. ’’  America’s  Catherine Hughes similarly focused on the staging, arguing that ‘‘on the level of theatricality . . . Equus  is stunning. . . . Although Shaffer’s philosophizing is too shallow, sometimes to the point of glibness, to be entirely convincing, one in the end forgives it in the wake of the playâ₠¬â„¢s brilliantly rendered imagery. ’ A few critics have argued against even the theatrical power of the concluding scene, although such harsh criticism is rare. J. W. Lambert, for one, commented in  Drama  that ‘‘Mr. Shaffer has not made [Alan’s] course of action seem inevitable. The act of gouging out the horses eyes, when it comes, seems if not arbitrary then hardly less perverse than it would have done had we been given no reasons for it at all. And after all the purpose of the play’s exposition is to offer us some reason for the irrational. ’’ Shaffer has observed that theatre ‘‘is, or has to be, an ecstatic and alarming experience. And a beautiful one. That doesn’t mean it’s one continuous shout-out; it also must have great spaces of tranquillity and lyricism in it. ’’ The powerful scenes of abreaction in  Equus  lend the play both lyricism and ecstasy. Further, they offer a glimp se into Alan’s mind, which is crucial given the philosophical importance lent to the passionate instinct with which the boy has led his life. While  Equus  is cleverly constructed from top to bottom, the enduring power of the play may still rest in the skill with which Shaffer and director John Dexter chose to depict the memories repressed deep within the subconscious of its primary character. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Repressed Memory and Play" essay for you Create order